Marco Gambardella
Articolo
L’articolo aggiorna e integra – alla luce della conversione con modificazioni del decreto legge n. 162/2022 da parte della legge n. 199/2022 – il precedente contributo pubblicato sempre in questa Rivista dal titolo: La “rava vox” del nuovo legislatore: il delitto di invasione per l’organizzazione di raduni illegali (18.11.2022).
SOMMARIO 1. Discussione pubblica e nuove leggi penali. – 2. I rapporti dell’art. 434-bis c.p. con il delitto di invasione di terreni o edifici (art. 633 c.p.): la reale necessità politico-criminale della nuova incriminazione. – 3. L’incerta tecnica normativa impiegata nel decreto legge e gli elementi di fattispecie. – 4. Il problema semantico: raduno vs. rave party. – 5. Qualora non se ne possa fare a meno… qualche spunto per una possibile riformulazione del reato. – 6. La conversione in legge con modificazioni del “decreto rave”: il nuovo art. 633-bis c.p. – 7. Analisi critica delle novità contenute nell’art. 633-bis c.p. – 8. Dall’organizzazione di rave parties pericolosi all’invasione di immobili finalizzata al raduno musicale: anamorfosi di una incriminazione. – 9. La scelta di altri ordinamenti europei: la repressione penale dell’organizzazione di rave parties non autorizzati. – 10. La voce “gracchiante” del legislatore.
The ‘rava vox’ of the new legislator: the crime of trespassing on land or buildings for the purpose of holding dangerous music gatherings (article 633-bis of the criminal code)
ABSTRACT
Decree-Law No. 162 of 2022 introduced a new crime (Article 434-bis of the penal code) into the penal code, in order to provide a specific instrument, on a criminal law level, to prevent and combat illegal rave parties. The new incrimination immediately raised the problem not only of its actual political-criminal necessity, but also of its relationship with the crime of trespassing on land or buildings (Article 633 of the penal code). The uncertain legislative technique adopted and the definitional vagueness of the notion of ‘gathering’ (exceeding that of ‘rave party’) subjected the new crime figure to a hail of criticism. The Government has run for cover by presenting a series of ‘amendatory proposals’, which were fully accepted during the conversion of the decree law. The amendments made by Conversion Law No. 199 of December 30th, 2022 essentially provide us with a ‘new incrimination’ compared to the one provided for in the text of the decree law. Not only has the new Article 633-bis of the penal code (“Trespassing on land or buildings with danger to public health or public safety”) been inserted in place of Article 434-bis of the penal code, but the offence itself has been reformulated. The result, however, does not seem to have changed: it is still a crime that does not have its own autonomous field of application (overlapping with the already existing crime under Article 633 of the penal code), and, above all, that does not incriminate the conduct that the Government intended to criminalize, i.e. the organization of unauthorized rave parties, dangerous to public health and safety.
KEYWORDS
Rave party – Article 633-bis Italian Criminal Code (Trespassing on land or buildings with danger to public health or public safety) –– Crime of invasion of land or buildings (Article 633 Italian Criminal Code.) – Notion of ‘gathering’